Concurrent Validity
Whether a test's scores correlate with current outcomes or other established measures of the same construct. Validity measured at the same time, not in the future.
Concurrent validity (APA Standards, 2014) measures whether a test correlates with current outcomes or existing measures. Unlike predictive validity (future), concurrent validity is measured now.
Examples: (1) Does a new depression screening test correlate with clinical diagnoses made at the same time? (2) Does a job performance test correlate with supervisor ratings given today? (3) Does a new Extraversion test correlate with an established Extraversion measure?
Concurrent validity is faster to establish than predictive validity — you don't wait years to gather follow-up data. The tradeoff: correlation at one point in time doesn't guarantee the relationship holds over time.
Many personality tests have high concurrent validity (correlate strongly with established measures) but moderate predictive validity (that correlation weakens over time). Big Five personality tests typically show r=0.70+ concurrent validity with each other but r=0.25-0.30 predictive validity for real-world outcomes.
Source: APA Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.