Gender Bias in Hiring2019
Child earnings penalty: 20-30%+ for mothers, near-zero for fathers (NBER WP 25545)
Even in Scandinavian countries with the world's strongest gender equality policies, women suffer a 20% long-run earnings penalty per child while men experience a near-zero child penalty; in the US and UK the child earnings penalty for women exceeds 30%.
Primary source
Kleven, Landais & Sogaard, NBER WP 25545
https://www.nber.org/papers/w25545Published 2019 — compiled by JobCannon Research.
Why this stat matters
This figure belongs to the gender bias in hiringvertical of JobCannon's ongoing review of hiring, AI, and career-outcome research. We track it because it is one of the few primary-source estimates with a published sample, methodology, or legal record. Cite the original source first; this page exists to make the figure easy to find and link to.
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