Ocean Modeling Hydrodynamics

Ocean modeling hydrodynamics uses computational methods to simulate water motion in seas, coasts, and harbors. Models solve Navier-Stokes equations (conservation of mass, momentum, energy) on a discrete grid, computing velocity, pressure, temperature, and salinity at each point. Models range from simple (shallow water equations for tides and storm surge) to complex (3D models with stratification, turbulence, and biogeochemistry). Common tools are DELFT3D (academic standard), MIKE HYDRO (engineering), and OpenFOAM (open-source). Output is visualized as current maps, temperature fields, and predictions of coastal flooding.