GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language) is a C-like language that runs on GPUs to compute graphics. Fragment shaders determine the color of each pixel. Vertex shaders determine the position and attributes of each vertex. Compute shaders can perform general-purpose parallel computation. GLSL programs are compiled and optimized by GPU drivers, letting you leverage the GPU's massive parallelism. GLSL is the foundation of modern graphics programming. Every game, 3D application, and interactive visualization uses shaders (though most developers use engine abstractions rather than raw GLSL).