FDA medical device regulation is a complex gatekeeping system. Software can be classified as a medical device (Class II = 510(k) clearance, ~6 months, $10-50k). Misclassification = regulatory action or recall. Compliance spans design controls, risk management, traceability, validation, post-market surveillance, and QA systems. Most developers have zero exposure. Senior FDA-qualified engineers earn $50-100k premium because they know: when software is a device, which pathway to submit, what documentation FDA expects. Learning the essentials takes 4-6 weeks; mastery takes 2+ years in industry.
FDA medical device regulation is the U.S. framework governing products that diagnose, treat, prevent, or monitor medical conditions. Software can qualify as a "medical device" if it makes a medical claim. For example, a fitness tracker that just logs steps is a consumer product; a fitness tracker that diagnoses atrial fibrillation is a Class II medical device. Compliance spans design control (formal documentation of development), risk management (FMEA, traceability), software validation, cybersecurity, post-market surveillance, and quality systems (ISO 13485). Submission to FDA takes 6-24 months and costs $50k-$5M+ depending on classification and pathway.
| Kanda | Mdogo | Kati | Mkuu |
|---|---|---|---|
| USA | $100k | $160k | $260k |
| UK | £62k | £100k | £160k |
| EU | €70k | €115k | €185k |
| CANADA | C$105k | C$170k | C$280k |
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