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HTTP Security Headers
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HTTP security headers instruct browsers on how to handle content. Examples: Content-Security-Policy (prevent XSS), X-Frame-Options (prevent clickjacking), Strict-Transport-Security (force HTTPS). Implementing all 12+ headers reduces breach risk by 60-80%. Salary impact: Medium (often paired with other security skills). Mastery takes 2-3 weeks; straightforward but requires understanding threat models.
HTTP Security Headers ni nini
HTTP security headers are metadata sent by web servers to instruct browsers on how to handle content. Examples: - Content-Security-Policy (CSP): restricts where scripts can be loaded from (prevents XSS)
🔧 ZANA NA MAZINGIRA
HTTP header analyzersMozilla ObservatoryOWASP Header ChecklistBrowser DevToolsWeb server config (NGINX, Apache)Express/Django middlewareHeader testing toolsSecurity scanner (ZAP, Burp Suite)CSP generatorsPenetration testing tools
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What's the most important HTTP security header?
Content-Security-Policy (CSP). Prevents XSS by restricting script sources. Browser only runs scripts from whitelisted origins. One CSP prevents 95% of XSS attacks. Second is HSTS (forces HTTPS).
How do I implement CSP without breaking my site?
Start in report-only mode: CSP header sends violations to logging endpoint, doesn't block anything. Review logs for legitimate scripts. Whitelist them gradually. Once satisfied, enable enforcement (blocking mode).
What's the difference between X-Frame-Options and CSP frame-ancestors?
X-Frame-Options: legacy header, simple (DENY, SAMEORIGIN). CSP frame-ancestors: modern, flexible ('self', specific origins). Both prevent clickjacking. Use both for compatibility.
Do I need security headers if I'm using HTTPS?
HTTPS protects in transit (eavesdropping), but not application logic attacks (XSS, clickjacking, CSRF). Security headers protect browser from misusing content. HTTPS + headers = comprehensive.
How do I test if my headers are correct?
Use Mozilla Observatory (automated scan). It rates your headers (A-F). Use browser DevTools to inspect headers. Manual verification: OWASP checklist. Automated: security scanners (ZAP, Burp).
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