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Django / Flask / FastAPI

Python web frameworks: build APIs, web apps, admin panels

⬢ 層級 2技術
高
薪資影響
5 個月
學習時長
中等
難度
1
職業
一覽

Django (60k+ active projects), Flask (minimal, 100k+ repos), and FastAPI (rising async standard, 2024+) are Python's three dominant web frameworks. Django dominates traditional web apps (admin panels, ORM, auth built-in, $110-165k); Flask powers microservices and light APIs ($100-145k); FastAPI is the 2026 default for new REST APIs and data services, native async/await, auto OpenAPI docs ($105-155k). Learning path: Flask basics (2mo) → Django or FastAPI (2-4mo) → async patterns & deployment. Salary span: +$25-55k over base Python. Jobs: Backend Engineer L2+, DevOps, Data API teams.

什麼是 Django / Flask / FastAPI

Django, Flask, and FastAPI are Python's three dominant web frameworks, each serving a distinct niche. Django is the batteries-included monolith: ORM, admin panel, auth, and migrations built-in, best for traditional web apps and content sites. Flask is the minimalist framework: route decorators, no ORM by default, perfect for microservices and lightweight APIs. FastAPI is the modern async standard: native async/await, automatic OpenAPI documentation, Pydantic validation, and the framework of choice for new REST APIs and data services. All three run on WSGI (Django/Flask) or ASGI (FastAPI), deploy via Gunicorn/Uvicorn/Hypercorn, and integrate with SQLAlchemy, PostgreSQL, and Redis. In 2026, FastAPI is ascendant for greenfield projects; Django retains strongholds in traditional web development and enterprise; Flask powers thousands of microservices started in the 2010s and still running.

🔧 工具與生態
DjangoFlaskFastAPIPyramidStarletteDjango REST FrameworkTortoise ORMSQLAlchemyAlembicPydanticUvicornGunicornHypercornCelery

📋 開始之前

PythonBackend Development

💰 各地區薪資

地區初級中級高級
USA$105,000$140,000$185,000
UK£60,000£80,000£115,000
EU€65,000€85,000€125,000
CANADACA$110,000CA$145,000CA$190,000

🎯 使用 Django / Flask / FastAPI 的職業

Machine Learning Engineer

❓ 常見問題

FastAPI vs Django in 2026, which should I pick for my startup?
New API projects: FastAPI. Greenfield full-stack (templates+auth+admin): Django. Microservices: Flask or Starlette. FastAPI wins on speed (async by default, auto OpenAPI), developer experience (Pydantic validation), and hiring ease (cleaner syntax). Django wins on ecosystem maturity (ORM, admin, migrations battle-tested), team familiarity (larger job market), and all-in-one deployment. If async is your main concern: FastAPI. If you need admin panel + migrations: Django. Mixed: FastAPI for APIs, Django for backend-of-backends.
ORM choice: Django ORM vs SQLAlchemy vs Tortoise ORM, which is best?
Django ORM: coupled to Django, excellent for query optimization and admin integration, weak on complex joins. SQLAlchemy: decoupled, most powerful, steep learning curve, industry standard for non-web Python. Tortoise ORM: async-native, lightweight, smaller ecosystem, ideal for FastAPI apps. For FastAPI: Tortoise + Pydantic. For Django: stick with Django ORM. For microservices: SQLAlchemy Core. In interviews: knowing SQLAlchemy = portable across frameworks.
Async vs sync in 2026: when do I actually need async?
Sync (Django, Flask): fine for <1000 concurrent users, I/O-heavy (DB, APIs), simple request→response. Async (FastAPI/Starlette): required for 10k+ WebSocket connections, real-time data feeds, high-concurrency APIs, ML inference endpoints. Don't use async for CPU-bound work (use processes/Celery). Most startups start sync, scale to async only when profiling shows I/O bottleneck. FastAPI's advantage: async ready from day one, no refactor later.
Deploying Python web apps in 2026: Docker vs Vercel vs Railway vs self-hosted?
Docker is standard (Gunicorn/Uvicorn + nginx). Vercel: Next.js only. Railway/Render: easy deploys, pay-per-second, good for side projects ($5-30/mo typical). AWS (Fargate/Lambda): enterprise, complex setup, cheapest at scale. Digital Ocean/Heroku: middle ground. Django: Gunicorn + systemd on cheap VPS or managed platforms (PythonAnywhere). FastAPI: Uvicorn on Railway/Render fastest to ship. Most 2026 startups: Railway or self-hosted VPS ($5-15/mo) with Docker.
FastAPI interview prep: what do they always ask?
1. Async/await and when you'd use `await`. 2. Dependency injection (Depends() pattern). 3. Middleware order (executes top-down, response bottom-up). 4. Pydantic validation and custom validators. 5. JWT vs session auth (FastAPI has no built-in sessions). 6. Testing with TestClient. 7. Background tasks vs Celery. 8. Performance: FastAPI is fast because of Pydantic + Starlette, not magical. Prepare examples: write a CRUD endpoint with Pydantic models, describe async benefits, justify auth choice.
Django vs Mojo (Python's 'replacement'): should I worry in 2026?
Mojo is 1% of the market in 2026. Django runs on CPython, not Mojo. Learning Django/FastAPI today is zero risk, both will be job-relevant for 5+ years. Mojo's killer feature (100x speedups) only kicks in for compute-heavy code, not web. If worried: Rust + Pyo3 for CPU-bound parts, Python for everything else. Django and FastAPI are here to stay.

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