Dart Language Async

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Dart's async model is built on Futures (promises) and Streams (observables). Dart engineers use async/await syntax to write non-blocking code that remains readable. Mastery includes understanding the event loop, isolates (threads), and avoiding common pitfalls (race conditions, stream leaks). Senior Dart engineers earn 10-15% premium because they build smooth Flutter apps and efficient backends. Learning: 4-6 weeks (conceptual + practical).

Що таке Dart Language Async

Dart's asynchronous programming model is built on Futures (single-value promises) and Streams (multi-value observables). Engineers use async/await keywords to write non-blocking code that remains readable. Under the hood, Dart's event loop schedules callbacks, preventing thread blocking. Example: Fetch data from API (Future) → Parse response → Update UI. Or listen to user input (Stream) → Filter, debounce → Perform action.

🔧 ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ТА ЕКОСИСТЕМА

Dart SDKFlutter frameworkasync/await keywordsFuture classStream classIsolatesDart DevToolsTesting libraries (test, mockito)HTTP client (dio, http)JSON serialization

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🎓 Сертифікації

Dart Official Documentation, Asynchronous Programming Flutter Codelabs Udemy, Dart and Flutter Course

❓ Часті запитання

What's the difference between Future and Stream?

Future resolves to a single value (or error) once. Stream emits multiple values over time. Future is like a Promise; Stream is like an Observable. Use Future for HTTP requests. Use Stream for user input, real-time events.

What's an isolate?

Dart runs synchronously in the main thread. For CPU-heavy work (parsing, encryption, image processing), spawn an isolate (separate thread). Isolates don't share memory; they pass messages. Use for non-blocking long operations.

How do I avoid deadlocks with futures?

Don't block awaiting futures (deadlock is rare in Dart). Bigger risk: unhandled exceptions in futures silently fail. Use `.catchError()` or try/catch in async functions. Always handle errors.

Can I combine multiple futures?

Yes. `Future.wait()` waits for all. `Future.race()` returns first. `Future.any()` returns first successful. Useful for parallel operations.

How do I prevent stream memory leaks?

Always cancel stream subscriptions when done. Use `StreamBuilder` in Flutter (auto-cancels). Don't create subscriptions without disposing them. Use `using()` for resource management.

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