Question 1

REST vs GraphQL vs gRPC, which should I use?

Accepted Answer

REST: simplest, best caching, stateless. GraphQL: exact field selection, single endpoint, query flexibility, powerful but complex. gRPC: lowest latency, binary, requires HTTP/2, ideal for service-to-service. Use REST for public APIs, GraphQL for mobile clients, gRPC for backend services.

Question 2

How do I version my API without breaking clients?

Accepted Answer

Three strategies: (1) URL versioning (/v1/users, /v2/users), explicit but duplicates code. (2) Header versioning (Accept: application/vnd.myapi.v2+json), clean URLs but fragile. (3) Content negotiation + deprecation headers, prefer this: add fields, deprecate old ones, clients migrate gradually.

Question 3

What's idempotency and why does it matter?

Accepted Answer

Idempotency = calling an endpoint multiple times = same result as calling once. Critical for payments, transfers, orders. Implement via idempotency keys: client sends UUID, you store request+response, replay if duplicate arrives. Example: POST /payments with X-Idempotency-Key header.

Question 4

How do I design error responses?

Accepted Answer

Don't reinvent. Use standardized envelopes: {code, message, details}. HTTP status codes: 400 (client error), 401 (auth), 403 (forbidden), 429 (rate limit), 500 (server). Include correlation IDs for debugging. Return errors in same format as success responses.

Question 5

Contract-first vs code-first, what's the difference?

Accepted Answer

Contract-first: write OpenAPI spec first, teams use it to build in parallel (better for APIs). Code-first: generate spec from code (faster for monoliths, but APIs drift). For public APIs, contract-first is non-negotiable.

Question 6

How do I handle rate limiting and throttling?

Accepted Answer

Rate limiting: return 429 when exceeded. Tell clients via headers: RateLimit-Limit, RateLimit-Remaining, RateLimit-Reset. Throttling: backoff gracefully. Best practice: sliding window or token bucket algorithm. Redis keeps counters, decays over time.

Question 7

How do I design paginated responses?

Accepted Answer

Three approaches: offset (page=1, limit=20, simple but O(n) DB scans for large offsets), cursor (next_cursor, fast, stateless, can't jump), keyset (last_id > 1000, fastest). Use cursor pagination for feeds, offset for browsable collections.

प्रदेश	ज्युनियर	मध्यम	सीनियर
USA	$95k	$145k	$205k
UK	£55k	£85k	£130k
EU	€60k	€95k	€145k
CANADA	C$100k	C$155k	C$220k

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