Question 1

Kubernetes vs ECS, when do I use which?

Accepted Answer

Kubernetes: multi-cloud, portable, steep learning curve, best if you need portability or run hybrid/multi-cloud. ECS: AWS-native, simpler API, tight CloudWatch integration, cheaper if all-in on AWS. Decision: all-AWS and simple? → ECS. Need portability or multi-cloud? → Kubernetes. Modern trend: ECS for startups, Kubernetes for scale.

Question 2

Is Kubernetes overkill for my startup?

Accepted Answer

Probably yes if: < 5 services, < 2 engineers, < 100 RPS sustained. Try Docker Compose or ECS Fargate first. Kubernetes is worth the pain when: multi-team ownership, high availability hard requirement, or 10+ services. k3s is the lighter entry point, not full Kubernetes.

Question 3

What's the difference between Helm, Kustomize, and Argo CD?

Accepted Answer

Helm: package manager (templating + charts). Kustomize: overlay tool (no templates, pure YAML patching). Argo CD: GitOps operator (declarative, continuous reconciliation, watches Git). Use: Helm for reusable packages, Kustomize for per-env customization, Argo CD for the sync loop. Many teams use all three: Helm → generate base, Kustomize → overlay per env, Argo CD → keep cluster in sync.

Question 4

How do I manage secrets in Kubernetes?

Accepted Answer

Never commit plaintext to Git. Options: (1) Sealed Secrets (encrypt at rest in Git, decrypt in cluster), (2) External Secrets (fetch from Vault/AWS Secrets Manager), (3) Kyverno policies (enforce secret encryption). For production: use External Secrets + Vault or AWS Secrets Manager. For dev: k8s Secrets are fine if you trust cluster admins.

Question 5

Multi-cluster strategies, when and how?

Accepted Answer

Single cluster: 99.9% of apps. Multi-cluster when: disaster recovery SLA > 99.95%, geo-latency critical, or avoiding vendor lock-in. Patterns: (1) active-passive (cold standby), (2) active-active (federated services, cluster-local caches, eventual consistency). Tools: KubeFed, Istio multi-mesh, Cilium ClusterMesh. Cost: 2x infrastructure + operational complexity. Start single-cluster; upgrade only when you hit its limits.

Question 6

Should I skip Kubernetes and just use serverless (Lambda/Cloud Run)?

Accepted Answer

Serverless shines: stateless request-response, unpredictable spikes, 1–1000s scale variance. Containers win: stateful, background jobs, custom runtimes, cost-predictable sustained load. Hybrid: use serverless for APIs + glue, containers for databases, caches, batch jobs. Pure serverless is simpler; pure containers offer more control. Most orgs do both.

प्रदेश	ज्युनियर	मध्यम	सीनियर
USA	$110k	$160k	$220k
UK	£65k	£95k	£140k
EU	€70k	€105k	€150k
CANADA	C$120k	C$170k	C$240k

Container Orchestration

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