Apache Beam Pipelines

Apache Beam is a unified framework for batch and stream processing. You write a pipeline once in Python or Java, and it runs on multiple execution backends (Dataflow, Spark, Flink, Samza) without code changes. A Beam pipeline consists of PCollections (parallel collections of data), PTransforms (transformations), and a runner that executes the graph. At the advanced level, you design complex, stateful transformations, optimize for large-scale processing, handle late and out-of-order data, and integrate with enterprise data systems.