Flask is a lightweight Python web framework that lets you build web applications with minimal boilerplate. Unlike Django (which includes everything), Flask is intentionally minimal—you pick your database, authentication library, templating engine, and form validation. It's built on Werkzeug (WSGI utilities) and Jinja2 (templating). A "hello world" Flask app is 5 lines of code. Flask powers production systems at Netflix, Airbnb, and Uber. It's the go-to framework when you need flexibility over convention or when building APIs alongside a separate frontend (Vue, React, etc.).