Cloud Bigtable is Google's managed, petabyte-scale NoSQL database based on HBase (same API). It's a wide-column database: rows with billions of columns, optimized for time-series data and analytics. Built by Google for internal use (AdWords, Maps), now available on GCP. Use cases: time-series (stock prices, sensor data, application metrics), user activity streams, IoT data, graph traversal. Not ideal for transactional workloads (use Spanner) or flexible queries (use BigQuery).