Dataflow is Google's fully managed service for Apache Beam pipelines. Define a data pipeline (extract → transform → load), Dataflow executes it at scale. Handles distributed computing, fault tolerance, autoscaling, monitoring. Process gigabytes to petabytes efficiently. Use cases: ETL (extract from Firestore, transform, load to BigQuery), real-time analytics (Pub/Sub → aggregate → BigQuery), batch export (Cloud Storage files → process → BigTable).