Nature-Based Solutions NBS

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are actions that harness ecosystem processes to address societal challenges like flooding, water scarcity, erosion, and climate change. Examples: wetland restoration for flood control, mangrove replanting for coastal protection, urban forests for heat reduction, pollinator habitat for food security. NBS combines ecological knowledge with engineering and economics. Design involves: identifying ecosystem services needed, selecting appropriate ecosystem (mangrove vs. marsh vs. seagrass), quantifying benefits (flood reduction in meters, carbon sequestered in tons), and calculating ROI (ecosystem services value vs. implementation cost).