Zigbee Protocol

Zigbee is a low-power wireless mesh protocol for IoT devices, standardized by the Connectivity Standards Alliance (formerly Zigbee Alliance). It operates on 2.4 GHz (same as WiFi and BLE) using IEEE 802.15.4 as the physical layer. Zigbee's defining features are mesh networking (devices relay data through others, extending range), low power consumption (battery lifetime of months to years), and self-healing (automatic rerouting when nodes fail). Zigbee is widely used in smart home systems (Philips Hue, IKEA Trådfri), building automation, industrial sensors, and healthcare devices. It competes with WiFi (higher power, higher bandwidth) and BLE (shorter range, peer-to-peer).