VARK
Fleming and Mills's 1992 stated-preference inventory: Visual, Aural, Read/write, Kinesthetic. Offered as a catalyst for reflection, not a validated diagnostic.
Fleming and Mills published VARK in 1992 under the title "Not Another Inventory, Rather a Catalyst for Reflection": a short questionnaire meant to start a conversation between a student and a teacher about how study is going.
Its contribution over the older visual-auditory-kinesthetic scheme was splitting read/write out of visual, because wanting a written definition and wanting a diagram are different requests. It also reports multimodal results as a normal outcome rather than an inconclusive one.
As a measure of stated preference VARK behaves reasonably. As a basis for matching instruction to learners it has not held up, and Fleming himself did not present it as evidence for that use.
VARK is a trademark of VARK Learn Limited and its questionnaire is not free for commercial use. JobCannon's learning-style assessment is an original set of items written against the public-domain modality concept rather than a copy of the VARK inventory.
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