Environmental Monitoring IoT

Environmental monitoring IoT systems deploy networks of sensors across cities, farms, factories, and ecosystems to measure air quality (PM2.5, NO2, CO2), water quality (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen), soil conditions (moisture, nutrients), and emissions (CO2, methane). Data flows in real-time to cloud platforms for analysis, visualization, and alerting. A typical deployment: 1000 air quality sensors across a city, each reporting every 5 minutes. Cloud system detects pollution spikes, alerts residents, notifies regulators. Historical data informs policy decisions and environmental justice initiatives.