HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)

HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) is a protocol for streaming video over standard HTTP, developed by Apple. Video is encoded into multiple bitrates and split into small chunks (segments, typically 6-10 seconds). A playlist file (manifest) lists the segments; players request them sequentially. Adaptive bitrate technology adjusts quality based on network conditions. Advanced practitioners design encoding pipelines, implement adaptive bitrate strategies, integrate with CDNs, apply DRM protection, and optimize for low latency. They work on video platforms (YouTube, Netflix, Twitch) and streaming infrastructure (Mux, Wowza).