PlanetScale is a serverless MySQL database platform built on Vitess, an open-source MySQL proxy and scaling layer. Instead of managing sharding manually, developers interact with PlanetScale through a simple API and dashboard. Under the hood, PlanetScale distributes data across multiple MySQL nodes, handles failover automatically, and scales read/write capacity based on demand. Key features include: Git-like schema branching (create branches, test changes, merge safely), automatic scaling (no manual configuration), point-in-time recovery, replication across regions, and a MySQL-compatible API (works with any MySQL driver).