Responsive Design is the practice of building web interfaces that automatically adapt to different screen sizes, from tiny phones to large monitors. It uses CSS media queries, flexible grids (Flexbox/CSS Grid), and fluid typography to adjust layouts based on viewport width. The same HTML serves all devices; CSS determines how it displays. Modern responsive design combines mobile-first thinking (start small, add features), semantic HTML, and progressive enhancement (core functionality works without JavaScript, enhancements layer on top).