Thanos is an open-source CNCF project extending Prometheus to enable long-term metrics storage and global querying. It offloads older metrics to object storage (S3, GCS, Azure Blob), allowing retention of years of data at minimal cost. Thanos provides a unified query interface across multiple Prometheus instances and archived data, enabling global monitoring dashboards. Thanos is a common architecture choice for organizations scaling beyond single Prometheus instances. It decouples storage from compute and enables efficient long-term retention.