How many symptoms define major depression?

DSM-5 requires five or more symptoms present for at least two weeks, including depressed mood or loss of interest, plus functional impairment.

Can depression be just sadness?

No. Sadness is a normal emotion. Depression involves persistent low mood, anhedonia (loss of pleasure), and disruption of sleep, appetite, energy, or concentration.

Is irritability a symptom of depression?

Yes, especially in men and adolescents. Depression can manifest as irritability, anger, or aggression rather than the stereotypical sad mood.

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Signs and Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder

Peter Kolomiets

|March 17, 2026|Updated Apr 13, 2026|7 min

Signs and Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder

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References

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
Sher L (2009). Depression in Men: Symptom Expression and Help-Seeking